This is one of those dog-related topics that rarely comes up in casual conversation, yet it’s something every dog owner should understand. Your dog has anal glands, and while they usually function quietly in the background, problems can arise when things don’t work as they should. Knowing what anal glands are, how they work, and what to watch for can help you act quickly if your dog becomes uncomfortable.
What Are Anal Glands?
Anal glands—also known as anal sacs—are located just inside your dog’s rectum, positioned on either side of the anus. These small sacs contain a strong-smelling fluid that holds your dog’s unique scent. Much like a fingerprint, no two dogs share the same scent, and this is how dogs identify one another.
When dogs greet each other and sniff noses or rear ends, they’re essentially exchanging scent information. This scent plays an important role in canine communication.
How Anal Glands Normally Function
In a healthy dog, anal gland fluid is released naturally during bowel movements. As stool passes through, it applies pressure to the glands, allowing the fluid to empty on its own. However, this process doesn’t always happen effectively.
When the glands don’t empty properly, fluid can build up inside them. At that point, your dog may need assistance to relieve the pressure. This process is known as anal gland expression.
Expressing Anal Glands: Who Should Do It?
Anal gland expression can be performed by a veterinarian, a professional dog groomer, or—if you’re confident and properly trained—at home. That said, this task is not for the faint of heart. The odor is intense, and improper technique can cause discomfort or injury.
For most pet owners, it’s best to leave this job to professionals. Many veterinarians and groomers offer this service routinely. If you prefer to handle it yourself, your veterinarian can demonstrate the correct method and explain how often it should be done.
What Happens If Anal Glands Aren’t Expressed?
When anal glands remain full for too long, dogs can develop anal gland disease. This condition may lead to impacted glands, infections, or even painful abscesses if left untreated.
One of the most common signs of an anal gland issue is scooting—when your dog drags their rear end across the floor or ground. While this behavior is often linked to anal glands, it can also be caused by other issues, so it’s important not to assume.
Small-breed dogs tend to experience anal gland problems more frequently than larger breeds, though any dog can be affected.
Symptoms to Watch For
Scooting is often the first noticeable sign, but it’s not the only one. Dogs experiencing anal gland discomfort may also:
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Lick or chew excessively at their rear end
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Appear uncomfortable while sitting
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Strain or show difficulty during bowel movements
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Display swelling or redness near the anus
It’s worth noting that similar symptoms can be caused by worms, skin infections, or inflammation. If your dog shows any of these signs, a visit to the veterinarian is the best way to determine the cause.
Treatment Options for Anal Gland Issues
Once properly diagnosed, anal gland problems are usually straightforward to treat. Depending on the severity of the issue, treatment may include one or more of the following:
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Manual expression of the anal glands, performed by a veterinarian or trained professional
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Antibiotics, if an infection is present
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Increasing dietary fiber to promote firmer stools and natural gland expression
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Applying warm compresses to reduce inflammation and discomfort
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Flushing the anal sacs under general anesthesia in more severe cases
When to Call the Vet
If your dog shows persistent scooting, pain, swelling, or difficulty going to the bathroom, it’s time to consult your veterinarian. Early treatment can prevent more serious complications and help your dog feel comfortable again quickly.
Understanding anal glands may not be glamorous, but it’s an essential part of responsible dog ownership. Knowing what’s normal—and what’s not—can make all the difference in keeping your dog healthy and happy.
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Happy Tails!
